Active in low Earth orbit. Dates per NASA; missions shift.
💡 Explain Like I'm 10
What is it? Four suitcase-sized satellites making 3D images of the corona and A steady stream of charged particles flowing out from the Sun in every direction. Glossary.
Why does it matter? To learn how the Sun's corona becomes the solar wind that reaches Earth.
Low Earth The curved path an object takes as it travels around a planet, moon or star, like a satellite circling Earth. Glossary, watching the inner heliosphere.
NASA's PUNCH (Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere) is a constellation of four small satellites in low Earth orbit, launched March 11, 2025. Together they make global, 3D observations of the Sun's corona to learn how its mass and energy become the solar wind that fills the solar system, treating the Sun, solar wind and Earth as one connected system.